Abstract
This article shows that the allocation of rare resources by collective decision-making procedures can cause inequity and inefficiency. By applying the model of Analysis benefit incidence in basic education, there is evidence that the allocation of public resources for basic education in Cameroon is a source of reproduction of inequalities and generates a social selectivity in the sense that the volume of public investment is not correlated with different levels of education on the one hand, enrolment and poverty rates by region, on the other hand. Given the fact that school is the main vector of social reproduction and the leverage by which we can hope to redistribute opportunities and chances equally, this paper suggests that redistributive policies should henceforth be based on the enrolment in each region and regional poverty profiles.